{"id":6103,"date":"2021-09-09T08:14:30","date_gmt":"2021-09-09T06:14:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fnb-gas.de\/security-of-supply\/legal-framework-for-security-of-gas-supply\/"},"modified":"2026-05-08T12:20:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T10:20:30","slug":"legal-framework","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fnb-gas.de\/en\/natural-gas-transport\/legal-framework\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal framework for natural gas transport and for a secure supply of natural gas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Legal framework for natural gas transportation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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The legal framework for natural gas transportation in Germany is based on the Energy Industry Act (EnWG)<\/a> and a series of ordinances and regulatory requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The individual regulations in detail:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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Network access<\/strong><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>
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The transmission system operators (TSOs) grant all transport customers non-discriminatory access to their transport networks. In doing so, they create the conditions for functioning competition in German gas trading. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the second amendment to the EnWG in 2005, the model of regulated grid access has applied. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Network access is essentially regulated by the cooperation agreement between the operators of gas supply networks located in Germany<\/a> (KoV) and the TSOs’ terms and conditions based on this. The KoV is regularly revised due to changes in the legal or regulatory framework and on the basis of market requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Until the end of 2025, the Gas Network Access Ordinance (GasNZV) and the Gas Network Charges Ordinance (GasNEV)<\/a> as well as supplementary provisions of the Federal Network Agency (BNetzA) formed the legal basis of the KoV in addition to the EnWG.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a result of a ruling by the European Court of Justice to strengthen the independence of national regulatory authorities, the GasNZV expired on December 31, 2025. Since then, its regulatory content has been taken over by the Federal Network Agency. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Outlook: The Gas Network Charges Ordinance (GasNEV) is also limited in time and will expire on December 31, 2027 at the latest. <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Entry-exit-model<\/strong><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>
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Access to the transmission system is via an “entry-exit model”: transport customers book entry and exit capacities independently of each other. These can be used in any combination in the market area. The physical transport route does not play a role in determining the fee – only the amount of capacity booked is decisive. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Germany has a single market area in which the individual supply areas of several transmission system operators are combined. The virtual trading point within this market area enables gas volumes to be traded freely. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Network tariffs<\/strong><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>
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The level of the network tariffs is based on the revenue caps set by the BNetzA as part of incentive regulation<\/a>. In the revenue cap, the BNetzA recognizes the costs incurred by the grid operator to fulfil its statutory and regulatory duties. These costs are included in an efficiency comparison and are the starting point for determining the appropriate revenue cap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the conclusion of the NEST process (“Networks, Efficient, Secure, Transformed”), the Federal Network Agency has realigned the regulatory framework for the further development of the network fee system in the gas sector. The specifications issued as part of the NEST process create a binding, uniform nationwide framework for the future cost and revenue regulation of gas networks. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Network development planning<\/strong><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>
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The requirements of the Gas and Hydrogen Network Development Plan are defined by the Energy Industry Act (Sections 15a to 15d EnWG), which was amended in 2024, and based on the EU-wide network development plan (Regulation (EU) No. 2024\/1789). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a7 Section 15a of the Energy Industry Act defines the central elements of network development planning for gas and hydrogen. Accordingly, the operators of transmission networks and regulated operators of hydrogen transportation networks are obliged to draw up an integrated network development plan for gas and hydrogen every two years – for the first time in 2025. To coordinate this process, they have jointly established a coordination office in accordance with Section 15a (2) EnWG as of May 30, 2024. This office is responsible for tasks such as preparing the scenario framework and drawing up the network development plan. It also operates a database containing grid models and capacity data to ensure transparent and comprehensible planning. All relevant grid operators are obliged to provide the coordination body with the necessary information and to participate in the creation of the grid development plan. The aim is to ensure that the gas and hydrogen infrastructure is developed efficiently, in line with demand and in accordance with climate targets. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Coordination Office submits the drafts of the transmission system operators and the operators of hydrogen transport networks to the Federal Network Agency for review. Authorities, important market participants and the public are consulted. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

European legal framework and ENTSOG<\/strong><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>
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Numerous regulations in the German gas market are based on European law. The third internal energy market package of 2009 provided a significant impetus, introducing “unbundling”, i.e. the separation of network operation from the other stages of the value chain (generation, trading and sales). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, the Gas Regulation<\/a> (Regulation (EC) No. 715\/2009) obliges the EU member states to create non-discriminatory network access conditions. In the course of this, binding network codes were developed and the “association” of European transmission system operators ENTSOG<\/a> was founded. ENTSOG’s tasks include monitoring the implementation of the network codes and drawing up a European Ten-Year Network Development Plan (TYNDP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In May 2024, the EU adopted the gas and hydrogen market package as part of the “Fit for 55” package, consisting of Regulation (EU) 2024\/1789<\/a> and Directive (EU) 2024\/1788<\/a>. It strengthens the use of renewable and low-carbon gases, promotes integrated network planning, bans long-term fossil gas supply contracts from 2049 and improves consumer protection. The law obliges gas and hydrogen network operators to draw up a joint ten-year network development plan every two years in order to ensure coordinated infrastructure development.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Legal framework for a secure supply of natural gas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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The current geopolitical situation poses major new challenges for the German and European gas industry. In close contact with the authorities, the TSOs do everything in their power to ensure a stable supply at all times, even in the event of possible supply disruptions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Der rechtliche Rahmen f\u00fcr die Versorgungssicherheit in Deutschland basiert auf der europ\u00e4ischen\u202fVerordnung \u00fcber Ma\u00dfnahmen zur Gew\u00e4hrleistung der sicheren Gasversorgung (EU) 2017\/1938<\/a>\u202f(SoS-Verordnung) aus dem Jahr 2017 sowie einer Reihe von Verordnungen und regulatorischen Vorgaben. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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The individual regulations in detail:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
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SoS Regulation<\/strong><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>
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The SoS Regulation serves to strengthen the internal natural gas market and to provide for the event of a supply crisis. It defines the responsibilities and obligations of companies, national authorities and the EU Commission. It provides for a comprehensive catalog of measures and the national implementation of a three-stage escalation system (early warning, alert and emergency stage) in the event of a supply crisis. Dar\u00fcber hinaus werden die Mitgliedstaaten verpflichtet, im Rahmen von\u202fPr\u00e4ventions- und Notfallpl\u00e4nen\u202f<\/strong>das vorgesehene Krisenmanagement einschlie\u00dflich pr\u00e4ventiver Ma\u00dfnahmen vorab festzulegen. Die Pr\u00e4ventions- und Notfallpl\u00e4ne werden alle vier Jahre vom Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie in Zusammenarbeit mit der Gaswirtschaft und der\u202fBundesnetzagentur\u202ferstellt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The SoS Regulation has introduced three additional pillars that are intended to further increase the security of gas supply, particularly with regard to the European gas market. Diese sind die\u202fregionale Kooperation bei gemeinsamen Risiken<\/strong>, die\u202fSt\u00e4rkung der Solidarit\u00e4t zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten im Krisenfall<\/strong>\u202fsowie\u202feine gr\u00f6\u00dfere Transparenz durch Bereitstellung von zus\u00e4tzlichen Informationen<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regional cooperation:A<\/strong>central element of the SoS Regulation is the strengthening of risk-related cooperation between the member states. To this end, important cross-border risks to the security of natural gas supply in the European Union (EU) are identified and risk groups are defined on this basis. The risk scenarios within the groups are essentially based on the main supply routes relevant to the EU’s natural gas supply. The risk groups serve as a basis for enhanced regional cooperation to increase the security of gas supply and allow for the agreement of appropriate and effective cross-border measures between all Member States concerned within and outside the risk groups along the supply corridors. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solidarity mechanism between the neighboring Member States:<\/strong>Another central element of the SoS Regulation is<\/strong>the principle of solidarity, according to which the Member States are obliged to take solidarity measures to ensure the supply of vulnerable customers, e.g. household customers in directly neighboring Member States, in crisis situations. Germany has a special responsibility given that it has eight directly bordering Member States plus Italy, which is indirectly connected through Switzerland. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The SoS Regulation provides for solidarity between Member States as a last resort to maintain gas supply. Member States are only obliged to provide assistance if all available measures to maintain the supply of vulnerable customers have already been implemented in the Member State requesting solidarity. Once a solidarity request is made to the related Member States, they are first obliged to offer to provide additional gas volumes in a market-based manner. To this end, the requested Member States must request voluntary offers from market participants in their own markets and pass these on in aggregated form to the Member State in need. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the market-based offers are not sufficient, additional non-market-based solidarity measures can be requested. Only in this second stage are the requested Member States obliged to restrict supply to customers in their own country who are not protected by solidarity, in order to offer the released gas quantities to the Member State in need on a solidarity basis. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The concrete contractual and operational implementation of solidarity actions shall be regulated and recorded in intergovernmental agreements between the responsible authorities of the Member States. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regulation (EU) 2022\/2576<\/a> is a targeted addition to the SoS Regulation (EU) 2017\/1938. It promotes more solidarity through better coordination of gas procurement. The regulation supplements the cross-border exchange of gas and reliable price reference values with generally applicable rules for solidarity cases. In addition, the regulation introduced the European gas price cap. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The EU filling level requirements for gas storage facilities were integrated into the SOS Regulation in Regulation (EU) 2022\/1032 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 2022<\/a>. The aim of the Regulation is to ensure that European gas storage facilities are filled before winter so that they can be used jointly by the EU Member States in a spirit of solidarity. The regulation defines the filling level requirements for the winter and precisely specifies the filling targets and paths. When the regulation comes into force, every member state will be obliged to store sufficient gas before the winter. It also facilitates the transfer of gas between individual countries. A new implementing regulation will be issued each year to define the respective filling level targets and filling paths for each member state. Die EU-Verordnung gilt bis 31.12.2025.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Emergency Plan Gas for the Federal Republic of Germany<\/strong><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>
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The Emergency Plan Gas for the Federal Republic of Germany<\/strong><\/a> is the national implementation of the SoS Regulation. Er beinhaltet drei Eskalationsstufen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Fr\u00fchwarnstufe:<\/strong>\u202fDie Fr\u00fchwarnstufe ist die erste Stufe des dreistufigen Notfallplans Gas. Dabei beruft das BMWE einen aus Beh\u00f6rden und Energieversorgern bestehenden Krisenstab ein.\u202f Gasversorger und Betreiber der Gasleitungen sind zur regelm\u00e4\u00dfigen Einsch\u00e4tzung der Lage und Berichterstattung an die Bundesregierung verpflichtet. Die Sicherung der Gasversorgung erfolgt noch nicht durch Eingriff des Staats, sondern durch marktbasierte Mechanismen der Marktakteure (Gash\u00e4ndler und -lieferanten, Fernleitungs- und Verteilnetzbetreiber), wie etwa die Nutzung von Flexibilit\u00e4ten auf der Beschaffungsseite, den R\u00fcckgriff auf Gasspeicher, die Optimierung von Lastfl\u00fcssen oder die Anforderung externer Regelenergie. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Alert level:<\/strong>In the second stage of the gas emergency plan, the state still does not intervene in the market. Security of supply remains in the hands of the market players, who have the same instruments at their disposal as in the first stage. In contrast to the early warning stage, in the alert stage the federal government takes additional measures to ensure security of supply. Dazu z\u00e4hlen beispielsweise die Bereitstellung h\u00f6herer Kreditlinien, um die Bef\u00fcllung der Gasspeicher zu sichern, oder Ma\u00dfnahmen zur Reduktion des Gasverbrauchs in Deutschland. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      1. Emergency stage:<\/strong>If the market-based instruments from the first two stages of the emergency plan do not lead to a stabilization of the supply situation, i.e. there is an “exceptionally high demand for gas, a significant disruption to the gas supply or another significant deterioration in the supply situation”, the government can declare the emergency stage by decree. In this case, the Federal Network Agency becomes the “federal load distributor”. The state intervenes directly in gas distribution in close coordination with the network operators. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        Certain consumer groups enjoy special statutory protection in accordance with Art. 53a EnWG. These include households, social institutions (e.g. hospitals) and gas-fired power plants that also supply heat to households. For them, a secure supply of gas must be guaranteed until the end. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        We have been in the early warning stage since July 1, 2025. Previously, the alert level had been in place since June 23, 2022 in response to the cut in gas supplies from Russia. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

        Energy Industry Act<\/strong><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>
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        Energy Industry Act<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        The Energy Industry Act regulates a number of aspects that fundamentally contribute to security of supply. For example, the monitoring of security of supply (Section 51 EnWG) is regulated by the Federal Network Agency in coordination with the BMWE. The regulations on the filling level requirements for gas storage facilities and other aspects (Section 35 a-h EnWG) are particularly important for ensuring security of supply. This so-called “Gas Storage Act”, which first came into force on May 1, 2022, fundamentally redefines the responsibilities, measures and instruments with regard to the security of natural gas supply. The market area manager THE, a subsidiary of all transmission system operators in Germany, will thereafter assume additional tasks related to security of supply and will be given new tools to ensure security of supply in the winter half-year. The law provides for minimum storage levels on certain cut-off dates. The responsibility to achieve the intended levels lies primarily with the market players and is to be monitored and reported by the storage operators. In the event of non-compliance, THE may, in accordance with the requirements of the EnWG and with the approval of the BMWK, take supplementary measures to achieve the levels specified by law. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        With the entry into force of the Ordinance on the Adjustment of the Filling Level Specifications for Gas Storage Facilities (Gas Storage Filling Level Ordinance – GasSpF\u00fcllstV)<\/a> on May 6, 2025, the legally defined filling levels from the “Gas Storage Act” were adjusted. Gem\u00e4\u00df\u202fVerordnung sind ab sofort und bis 31. M\u00e4rz 2027 die folgenden regionalen und stichtagsbezogenen F\u00fcllstandsvorgaben als prozentualer Anteil am Arbeitsgasvolumen der jeweiligen Gasspeicheranlage einzuhalten: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1. on November 1, a filling level of <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        a) 80 percent in each gas storage facility that is not covered by letter b, <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        b) 45 percent in each of the gas storage facilities Bad Lauchst\u00e4dt, Frankenthal, H\u00e4hnlein, Rehden, Stockstadt and Uelsen due to their significantly reduced injection and withdrawal rates and their geographical location, <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        2. on February 1, a filling level of <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        a) 30 percent in each gas storage facility that is not covered by letter b, <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        b) 40 percent in each of the Bierwang, Breitbrunn, Inzenham-West and Wolfersberg gas storage facilities. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        In detail, the procedure is structured in several stages: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Stage 1:<\/strong>The storage facilities are filled by the market participants. In addition, THE SBI (strategic filling instruments; a market-based product) can be put out to tender. An den SBI-Ausschreibungen k\u00f6nnen nur pr\u00e4qualifizierte Anbieter teilnehmen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Stufe 2:<\/strong>\u202fTHE kann zus\u00e4tzliche SBI-Ausschreibungen durchf\u00fchren, sofern beim kontinuierlichen Speichermonitoring festgestellt wird, dass die Einspeicherungen im Hinblick auf die Mindestf\u00fcllstandsvorgaben zum jeweiligen Stichtag nicht ausreichend erfolgen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Stufe 3:<\/strong>\u202fSollten die Gasspeicher weiterhin nicht ausreichend gef\u00fcllt sein, kann THE selbst physisches Gas erwerben und einspeichern. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        These stages do not represent a rigid cascade of measures to be followed, but can also be combined with each other or skipped if necessary. In addition, a new instrument has been introduced: if storage users do not use booked storage capacities and it is foreseeable that the storage levels stipulated in the law cannot be achieved as a result, these capacities will fall to THE (the so-called “use-it-or-lose-it” principle). THE can either put these storage capacities out to tender in stage 2 SBI or buy gas itself in stage 3. If storage capacities are not booked in the first place, THE can also book the unbooked storage capacities itself. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        The costs (for tenders and purchase by THE) are passed on to the network users. The same applies – insofar as revenues are generated – to proceeds. THE determines the so-called gas storage levy, publishes it and invoices it to the balancing group managers in the market area. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

        Energy Security Act<\/strong><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>
        \n

        Another component of the measures taken by the legislator in the context of the war in Ukraine is the law amending the Energy Security Act (EnSiG)<\/a>. The aim of the law is to strengthen crisis prevention and crisis management instruments. Auf der Grundlage von Verordnungserm\u00e4chtigungen im EnSiG erh\u00e4lt der Bund weitreichende Handlungsoptionen zur Krisenbew\u00e4ltigung im Fall einer Gef\u00e4hrdung oder St\u00f6rung der Energieversorgung. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        With this legal foundation and the clear definition of prerequisites, additional special crisis prevention measures can take effect even before an immediate threat to or disruption of the energy supply. For example, operators of critical infrastructure can be placed under trusteeship or, in extreme cases, expropriated in order to ensure security of supply. European solidarity mechanisms will also be further strengthened. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        The EnSiG regulates, among other things, the mandatory involvement of the Bundestag in the determination of an immediate threat to or disruption of the energy supply by the federal government (Section 3 (3a) EnSiG). The Act also lays the foundations for the gas safety platform to improve the management of gas reduction at companies. The platform is a central and exclusive instrument of the Federal Network Agency (BNetzA) to manage the gas supply according to economic and political criteria in the event of a gas shortage. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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        Legal framework for natural gas transportation The legal framework for natural gas transportation in Germany is based on the Energy Industry Act (EnWG) and a series of ordinances and regulatory requirements. The individual regulations in detail: Legal framework for a secure supply of natural gas The current geopolitical situation poses major new challenges for the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":5930,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-6103","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLegal framework for natural gas transport and for a secure supply of natural gas - FNB Gas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fnb-gas.de\/en\/natural-gas-transport\/legal-framework\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Legal framework for natural gas transport and for a secure supply of natural gas - FNB Gas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Legal framework for natural gas transportation The legal framework for natural gas transportation in Germany is based on the Energy Industry Act (EnWG) and a series of ordinances and regulatory requirements. 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